Birth Control, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, STDs

Sexual Assault

July 15, 2022 lipsticklogic Leave a comment

SEXUAL ASSAULT OVERVIEW

Last excerpt from Modern Birth Control Booklet. Reference information included.

Sexual Assault includes forced or coerced sexual behavior or contact that happens without consent. Child molestation, incest (sexual assault by a family member), fondling and unwanted touching through clothing or beneath clothing, rape, attempted rape, sexual harassment or threats, are all included. Additional illegal acts: voyeurism (peeping, watching private sexual acts without consent), exhibitionism (self-exposure in public by either men or women), forcing someone to pose for sexual photos. Half of all women have experienced some type of sexual assault.

Rape is common and often not reported. Approximately 23 million women in the U.S. have been raped: 1 in 6, half of them under the age of 18. Male rape is less common, but reported by about 2 million men, about 1 in 33.

Sexual assaults are most often committed by someone the victim knows: friends, acquaintances, relatives, dates or a partner. Stranger rapes are less common. Many cases of sexual abuse of children go unreported. When this occurs, the child is abandoned to the pedophile without hope of escape. Reporting to law enforcement and child protective services is a legal requirement and may save a life.

Definition of Rape

The U.S. Department of Justice announced a revision of the Uniform Crime Report’s (UCR) definition of rape in 2012. Without a comprehensive definition, reporting is variable and inaccurate. In the UCR, the definition rape is: The penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.

The revised definition includes situations when the victim is not capable of giving consent due to temporary or permanent mental or physical disability. State statutes still determine the ability of a victim to give consent with specific details related to age, age differences between the victim and perpetrator and if drugs were used to incapacitate the victim.

Legal Consent

You must:

* Be of age to consent (16 – 18 years old depending on state laws).

* Not be impaired mentally or physically (due to drugs, alcohol, illness or disability).

* Not be threatened (re: job, physical harm, rumors), forced, coerced or manipulated into agreement.

What to Do if Assaulted:

* Find a safe place as fast as you can. If you remain in danger, call 9-1-1.

* Do not wash, shower or change clothes.

* Do not change anything at the scene of the attack.

* Bring a change of clothing with you if possible and go to the nearest hospital ER immediately for an exam and evidence collection. (NOTE: Most physicians do not have rape kits and are not prepared to do forensic valuations. ERs are required to do the exam or refer you to a facility prepared to do so.)

Evidence Collection

* A doctor will perform an exam and document a medical report.

* Either the doctor or a sexual assault forensic examiner (SAFE – often a nurse) will use a rape kit to collect evidence including: swabs of semen, skin swabs, hair samples, saliva and fibers. Your clothing will be collected as evidence and bagged.

* If you believe you were drugged, tell the ER staff so proper testing will be performed. Drugs include: Rohypnol, gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), alcohol and other sedatives.

Treatment

Pelvic cultures are done to document STDs. Blood test baselines record status related to existing disease such as HIV, syphilis, hepatitis and other health issues.

It is customary to treat sexual assault victims with preventive antibiotics that cover most STDs, and to provide Emergency Contraception for women of childbearing age.

Appointment for proper follow-up must be arranged to determine need for further testing, treatment or counseling.

Each case is different. Treatment depends on injuries, psychological state, safety after exam, and personal or family support. Some victims require hospitalization and sedation. Rape injuries can require surgical repair. Safe-house placement may be necessary, or discharge to protective family and friends.

Reporting

Police reports are essential to prosecute the perpetrator. Officers will come to the ER to obtain a report. Some victims are afraid to report a rapist. The decision to “press charges” is up to the state. Prosecutors may move forward even when the victim does not want to be involved in prosecuting.

For additional legal information see the website for Rape Abuse and Incest National Network (RAINN): https://rainn.org

Local police departments often provide referrals to victims of violence. Safe houses are sometimes available for victims who remain at risk from the perpetrator.

Recovery

Following a sexual assault most people are left feeling vulnerable, frightened and anxious. Many symptoms are reported. Sometimes issues persist for months or longer. Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder may occur: high anxiety, fear, hypervigilence, poor sleep and depression. Later, abuse of drugs and alcohol may occur along with erratic behavior.

Counseling is very important and should be obtained immediately to begin healing after the traumatic event.

Help Sources

General information: www.womenshealth.gov

National Sexual Violence Resource Center http://www.nsvrc.org 1-800-656-HOPE

Sexual Assault Online Hotline https://ohl.rainn.org/online/1-800-799-HOPE

The Gift of Fear – Survival Signals that Protect Us from Violence Author: Gavin De Becker

Reducing Sexual Assault Risk

Preventing assault may not be possible, but there are steps that could reduce your risk.

* Do not walk alone or walk along talking on your phone or listening to music.

* Be aware of your surroundings and stay in brightly illuminated areas.

* Carry a small canister of pepper spray, readily accessible. (Check local laws.)

* Walk to your car rapidly, get in and lock the doors.

* If you are attending a party, go with at least one friend and stay together. Look out for each other. If people are drinking and you begin to feel unsafe, leave.

* Don’t drink from a punch bowl. Watch your drink at all times to avoid being drugged.

* Make a phone call for help.

* Trust your instincts.

Contraceptive Summary

The most effective contraception is abstinence. For most adult men and women that is not an option. For young people who have not yet reached maturity, it is best to abstain from sexual contact until you are sure and fully understand reproduction and contraception.

Unplanned pregnancies in teens are often related to situations where drugs and alcohol were involved and decisions unsound. In drug environments, promiscuity and inappropriate sexual interactions occur more often. This increases risk for sexual assaults and so-called date rapes.

Finding you are pregnant, unmarried and unable to support yourself, places you in an untenable situation. Your future has changed. If you plan ahead, are educated, and understand your actions have consequences, you are ready to make life decisions. That is true for any age.

Because of the high risk of venereal disease with unprotected sex, one action may not just change your future plans, you may find yourself with an incurable disease. Acting responsibly and always using a condom along with an additional contraceptive of choice, you are taking responsibility for your actions.

A woman should be in control of her body and with the information in this pamphlet, I hope both men and women are better prepared to make decisions in their best interest.

Men need to realize “no” means no. Any under-age, drug or alcohol impaired female is not legally capable of giving consent. Intercourse without consent is rape. Rape conviction can carry a long prison term and you will be required to register as a sex offender.

Some contraceptive options are too costly for many people to consider unless they are partially covered by insurance. Some of the more expensive choices are the most convenient, but there are many inexpensive effective choices. Condoms, both male and female, used with spermicide are inexpensive, readily available and when used appropriately are effective contraceptives and reduce STD exposure. The contraceptive sponge is also inexpensive and when used with a condom, effective.

Insurances often cover birth control evaluations and contraceptives. If you compare prices, you will find the cost of birth control pills and contraceptive options vary depending on the source. Large national pharmacies tend to have lower prices. The prices listed in the pamphlet are estimates based on many sources.

Money, convenience, comfort, safety, and long term health are all important factors in contraceptive decisions. Hormonal products are effective and safe for most women but carry some health risks that need to be considered and discussed with your health practitioner.

If you have difficulty seeing a physician, consider choosing a nurse practitioner as your primary care provider.

Miscellaneous References

www.PlannedParenthood.org

http://www.acog.org/Patients

http://www.cdc.gov/std/prevention/default.htm

Click to access female-condom-fact-sheet.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/male-condom-use.html

Publications by Betty Kuffel, MD

Author’s page link to all books on Amazon, Betty Kuffel Author

website: https://.www.bettykuffel.com

Sexually Transmitted Diseases, STDs

Sexually Transmitted Disease – STD Sexually Transmitted Infection – STI

July 14, 2022 lipsticklogic Leave a comment

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE OVERVIEW

CAUSE, TREATMENT,AND AVOIDANCE

Finding you are infected with a sexually transmitted disease is a life-changing event. Most STDs require antibiotics or an antiviral for a genital herpes outbreak. Submitting yourself to such an exam may seem degrading but is very important. Serious complications of pelvic inflammatory disease can require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics with the longterm outcome of possible sterility in women, rapid evaluation and treatment is important. For both men and women, stopping the spread of disease to others is essential.

Anyone diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease should be tested for HIV.

Family doctors, urgent care centers, state health departments, community and VD clinics and Planned Parenthood clinics are all good choices for evaluation and treatment. Some of them provide free testing and treatment. Both partners should be tested and often both require treatment.

Remember, condom use can reduce your risk for getting an STD.

The most common cause of a vaginal discharge or fishy malodor is BV, resulting from numerous bacteria having replaced the Lactobacillus normally found in the vagina. The cause is unknown but it is seen more often in women who have multiple sex partners, don’t use condoms and douche (wash out the vagina). It is also seen commonly in women who have HIV. Treatment: Oral metronidazole or antibiotic intravaginal gel or cream. Male partners are not treated.

Chlamydia – Most reported infectious disease in the U.S.

Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria cause this inflammatory disease affecting men and women. Symptoms may not occur for several weeks after exposure. But, as the disease progresses in women, it spreads from the vagina into the cervix and uterus, extending into the fallopian tubes causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Yellowish vaginal discharge and pain with intercourse are common symptoms.

Infertility occurs when the tubes scar and close the narrow passage for eggs and sperm. If an egg travels into the tube and is fertilized, but the fertilized egg is unable to migrate into the uterus, it grows within the tube resulting in a tubal pregnancy. The enlarging fetus causes pain, rupture of the tube, and sometimes death of the mother due to hemorrhage. Treatment is usually surgical removal of the tube and the nonviable fetus.

Men may have no symptoms, but can still spread the disease. Later, they may develop urethritis (burning discomfort with urination) and a discharge from the penis. Some men develop epididymitis (painful inflammation in a testicle). Proctitis (inflammation of the rectum) also occurs causing pain, discharge and bleeding.

The infection can spread to the eyes resulting in conjunctivitis due to touching with contaminated fingers. Some people develop arthritis. Newborns may develop eye infection with Chlamydia by passing through an infected birth canal.

Treatment: Antibiotics. No sexual activity for one week after completing treatment to avoid spread to a partner. Retest following treatment to assure a cure. Antibiotics do not reverse tube scarring.

Another Chlamydia STD is lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). It is common in Africa, but has spread to Europe and the U.S. LGV begins with a painless genital ulcer (an open sore), then days to weeks later, lymph nodes in the groin enlarge and become painful. It is most common with men who have sex with men (MSM) but is also seen in women. Antibiotic treatment. Sometimes surgery is needed to drain the lymph nodes.

Gonorrhea (GC) – The second most reported infectious disease in the U.S.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria are easily passed by sexual contact and spread to others. More than 800,000 new cases are diagnosed each year in the U.S.

Discomfort with urination and a thick yellow discharge from the penis are the symptoms that usually bring men to see a physician for treatment. In women, the infection may cause no symptoms until complications with infection migrating into the tubes and abdomen occurs – PID. This infection can cause tubal scarring and lead to infertility and tubal pregnancies.

Gonorrhea may infect the throat from oral sex. This problem is more difficult to treat. Serious blinding eye infections can occur in both adults and newborn infants. Sexually abused children are also found to have GC.

Treatment: The diagnosis is made by cultures and treated with antibiotics. Cure is possible, but resistant organisms have developed making common treatments less effective. Additional medications, sometimes with dual therapy are needed. Sex partners should be referred for evaluation and possible treatment.

Unfortunately, GC infection can be carried throughout the body in the blood (Disseminated Gonococcal Infection). When this happens skin lesions pop up and joints become painful. Sometimes meningitis, infection inside the heart, and around the liver occur. Hospitalization and treatment by an infectious disease expert is needed.

Genital Herpes

Two herpes simplex viruses spread by genital infection: Type 1 (HSV-1) and Type 2 (HSV-2). Transmission may occur from an infected partner who has no visible sores and is unaware he or she is infected. The disease is very common. More than three-quarters of a million people get new herpes infections each year.

Both types cause painful blisters and ulcers. Although the skin lesions are usually on the genitals, the viruses can spread and infect buttocks, groin, hands and eyes. Blindness and even encephalitis (brain inflammation) and meningitis (inflammation of brain lining) can occur. In pregnant women who have genital lesions at the time of delivery, C-section delivery of the infant is done to prevent potentially fatal HSV transmission to the child.

Condom use does not always prevent spread of HSV because lesions may be outside the areas covered by condoms. Genital herpes infection is incurable and periodic flares of the disease occur over a lifetime. Antiviral medications can shorten outbreaks. Daily antiviral medication can reduce the possible transmission to sex partners. To avoid HSV infection, abstain from sexual contact or be in a longterm relationship with one partner who has been tested and is uninfected.

Genital Warts (Caused by HPV – Human Papilloma Virus)

Genital warts are caused by numerous HP Viruses. HPV types 16 and 18 are associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial cancerous lesions of the cervix, vagina, penis, anal and oropharyngeal (mouth and throat) cancers.

Most of the HPVs do not stimulate cancerous changes in the tissue, however they cause growths along the vaginal opening, inside the vagina, on the cervix, beneath the foreskin of the penis, on the scrotum and around the anus. Some infections resolve without treatment, others persist despite multiple interventions. The warts may be small and flat, but may resemble cauliflower flowerets and dangle from stems. Warts may be painful or itchy. These lesions are highly contagious.

Treatment: Many different treatments are used and many physician visits are necessary. Surgical removal, cryotherapy (freezing), topical acid treatments and laser therapy may be necessary. Cure is unlikely.

Always use condoms to prevent this disease. Partners of infected people should be warned and evaluated by a physician. Women who have had HPV require long term monitoring for cervical cancer.

HPV immunization recently became available and it prevents infection. It is the only immunization against a cancer. HPV infections of the cervix and throat are known to be associated with cancer. To be effective it must be given before becoming sexually active.

Syphilis

Treponema pallidum is a bacterium that causes a serious disease beginning in Primary Syphilis with painless infectious ulcers, often on lips or genitals. This is the highly contagious time. The next stage, Secondary Syphilis, produces a rash, more lesions inside the mouth and on genitals, and swelling of lymph nodes. In the final stage, Tertiary Syphilis causes heart and neurologic symptoms including meningitis, stroke, altered mental function, hearing and eye problems. Eventually, numbness and loss of balance make life miserable. Babies born to infected women have congenital syphilis with distorted features and mental deficiency.

A microscopic evaluation of material from the ulcers may show tiny snake-like bacteria in the Primary stage. These spirochetes cannot be cultured, but in later stages blood serum testing is helpful. The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) or the Rapid plasma Reagin (RPR) will likely be positive. Newer tests use specialized processes. Interpretation of the tests and treatment are difficult and best done by experts. Sometimes spinal fluid must be tested.

Treatment: Early treatment with penicillin intravenous can be curative. In later stages, treatment is longer. A specific form of penicillin, Penicillin G, must be used because it crosses the blood-brain barrier where others do not penetrate the brain and should not be used. Syphilitic pregnant women can be treated with Penicillin G. It is important to follow guidelines for contacting and possibly treating sex partners. Anyone with syphilis should be tested for all STDs and HIV.

Hepatitis Overview

Many forms of hepatitis (liver inflammation) are not contagious and are unrelated to viral infection. Chronic alcohol excess and auto-immune hepatitis are two forms that are not contagious.

Infectious hepatitis is often spread by consuming food or water with fecal contamination due to inadequate hand washing and food preparation.

Hepatitis symptoms are similar for all forms of the disease. Initial symptoms may be so mild they are unrecognized as liver inflammation. When the condition worsens, the following symptoms are common: loss of appetite, exhaustion, abdominal pain, nausea, dark urine, yellow skin/eyes (jaundice).

Hepatitis A (HAV)

HAV is usually a mild, self-limited form of the disease. Infection results from fecal-oral contamination. This means inadequate health practices allow transmission of the virus from feces (stool) into water or food. Once the virus enters the body it takes between 15-50 days for symptoms to occur. If transmitted sexually it is likely through the fecal-oral route and poor health practices. Sometimes international travelers become ill with this via a food or contaminated water outbreak. There is no chronic phase and no specific treatment. The body produces antibodies that persist for life and protect against re-infection. In travelers and high risk people such as those with chronic liver disease and men who have sex with men, vaccination is possible.

Hepatitis B (HBV)

HBV can be self-limited or chronic. After exposure, it takes from 6 weeks to 6 months for symptoms to occur. One-percent of HBV new infections cause liver failure and death. Infected infants have about a 90% chance of chronic hepatitis, this decreases with age. Only 2%-6% of adults who become infected as adults develop chronic liver disease. Chronic HBV increases risk for liver failure and liver cancer – 15%-25%. Risk factors in teens and adults include unprotected sex, history of other STDs and injection-drug use.

HBV is diagnosed with serologic blood testing. Only limited treatment is available. Prevention can be accomplished by immunization, and the use of post-exposure injection of Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) if exposure is known. Infants are now immunized against HBV as are those in risk professions such as physicians, nurses, MSMs, and travelers.

Hepatitis C (HCV)

HCV is a contagious disease spread via blood contact and sometimes by sexual contact. Many people who have HCV infection have no symptoms, but after a short-term illness the infection in the liver becomes chronic. Over years, chronic infection in the liver causes damage and then failure. In years past, this occurred after blood transfusions transmitted the yet unknown virus. Risk practices include unprotected sex, contact with any potential blood source including dental work, acupuncture and tattoos. Antiviral treatment can be effective.

Zika Virus

Zika virus is a disease spread by mosquitoes, but is also spread by sexual intercourse with infected people. Both infected men and women can spread the virus to a sex partner. Infected pregnant women can transmit the infection to their fetus with dire effects. Infants are often born with severe birth defects and brain damage. Prevention is key. There is no treatment or vaccine at this time.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

HIV is a sexually transmitted disease that begins as an acute viral syndrome caused by a small retrovirus. The disease transitions to a chronic stage, and after months-to-years, ends with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

The virus infects T-lymphocyte blood cells (CD-4 cells) and destroys them. Depleting CD-4 cells leaves the infected person immune suppressed. Without treatment, the disease is fatal. With early antiretroviral treatment, it becomes a chronic disease and infected people live a near-normal lifespan. Early diagnosis is essential for adequate treatment and to decrease the risk of transmission to others.

The disease can be spread through dirty needles, intravenous drug use, exposure to infected blood and by sexual contact.

Testing: Blood serum screened for an antigen/antibody combination or an antibody immunoassay (IA) is performed. The tests are highly specific and sensitive, capable of detecting HIV-1 and its subtypes. Most can also detect HIV-2. There is a thirty-minute test that gives a preliminary diagnosis, but may be negative in a recently infected person. Supplemental tests must be done. All people who seek STD testing should be screened for HIV.

Treatment: Antiretroviral therapy. Best treated by physicians experienced in HIV/AIDs care.

Pubic Lice (Pediculosis Pubis)

Usually transmitted by sexual contact, but can be transmitted from infected beds or clothing. Itching, nits (eggs attached to hair) and little moving critters will freak you out. OTC topical treatment is available. Shaving hair makes treatment easier. Decontaminating all clothing, bedding, couches, blankets and fumigating the home may be necessary to rid the area of lice. More than one treatment may be needed. If contracted from a sexual partner, consider full STD and HIV evaluation.

Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei insect infestation)

Scabies causes severe itching and is often acquired via sexual contact in adults. Scabies in children is typically related to sleeping in the same areas or sharing clothing with infected people. The mites must be killed through topical application of OTC medications (ex. Permethrin). All clothing and bedding should be washed in hot water and dried in a dryer. More than one treatment may be necessary. Some medications are toxic to children, so discuss treatments with health department, healthcare giver or pharmacist.

Birth Control, Women's Rights

Contraceptive Failures, Emergency Contraception, Abortion

July 13, 2022 lipsticklogic Leave a comment

MALE CONTRACEPTIVE OVERVIEW

EXCERPTS FROM MODERN BIRTH CONTROL – Above options and Permanent Options including Tubal ligation & Vasectomy

Male Condom

The condom is a thin sheath worn on the penis during sexual intercourse to prevent semen from entering the vagina and to protect against sexually transmitted diseases. They are single use only, made from numerous materials and are available broadly. Condoms are safe and effective if used correctly. Each one is individually packaged, ready to roll onto a firm penis. There is a reservoir on the tip to collect expelled semen. The rim should be on the outside. Be sure to have the correct side out. – After sex, remove the condom carefully, keeping semen inside to discard. Instructions on use and safe removal can be found at: www.plannedparenthood.org Cost ~$1.

Reversible Male Contraceptive

Unfortunately, there are no birth control pills for men and none likely in the near future. An injectable product used to block the duct carrying sperm from the testes to the penis is being researched. It is not expected to be available for a couple of years. To reverse the blockage requires a second procedure.

“Natural” Contraception Methods

The days a woman is fertile and capable of becoming pregnant are predictable if the woman’s menstrual periods are regular. Using the calendar rhythm method has some value, along with measuring a woman’s body temperature. These procedures are commonly used when a couple is trying to become pregnant. However, if you absolutely want to avoid pregnancy, this method is risky.

Withdrawal of the penis before ejaculation sounds like an efficient method of contraception, but 4% of women will become pregnant/year even if done correctly. It is difficult to know the exact moment before ejaculation. Because of this difficulty, the failure rate is closer to 25% per year. Fluid that can contain sperm may escape prior to ejaculation and result in pregnancy. Obviously, with this there is no protection against STDs.

National surveys report “natural contraception” as the least effective method of birth control.

Common Contraceptive Failures

* Forgotten pills – Be sure to follow instructions from your physician if you missed a pill and had unprotected intercourse.

* Breakage or slippage of condom/other barrier methods

* Taking a course of antibiotics blocks contraceptive effect of pill, patch and vaginal ring, putting you at risk for unplanned pregnancy unless an additional method is used throughout the month when antibiotics are taken. Check with doctor or pharmacist for guidance.

Contraceptive methods that don’t work:

* Douching (washing out the vagina): By the time you do this, sperm are likely to have already entered the uterus.

* Use of creative condoms such as plastic wrap or a plastic bag

* Use spermicide without a barrier method

* Use lubricant that damages condom

* Positional changes: Do not prevent sperm from reaching the uterus

* Withdrawal

Emergency Contraception Overview

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION OVERVIEW

Emergency Contraception (EC) can be used to reduce pregnancy risk following unprotected intercourse or unexpected situations such as a broken condom. To be effective, EC must be used soon after intercourse and will not be effective if pregnancy has already occurred.

Rape

If you are raped Emergency Contraception is recommended. (See: Sexual Assault)

An emergency contraceptive prevents pregnancy. It does not cause an abortion (pregnancy termination).

Progestin

This so-called “Morning After Pill” has many forms. For example Plan B, One-Step, My Way and others. They are available over the counter, without prescription. There are no point of sale restrictions.

This hormone stops or delays ovulation and is best taken within three days of unprotected intercourse. It will not end a pregnancy. Talk with a pharmacist for information and side effects. Cost: ~$40.

Ulipristal (Ella)

This prescription medication delays or prevents ovulation. It can be taken up to 5 days after unprotected intercourse. (It is thought to be more effective than either progestin-only or the combination hormone pill containing both estrogen and progestin.) Cost: ~$40-$60.

Combination pills

These pills contain both estrogen + progestin. It is taken in two doses and results in delayed ovulation. For dosage consult with physician or pharmacist. Information may be found at www.not-2-late.com a Princeton University web site. Cost ~$30

Copper IUD

If you are overweight or obese effectiveness of EC pills is reduced. Insertion of a Copper IUD is effective. Must be inserted by a health practitioner. (Review more information above: Copper IUD) Cost: variable. May be free at Planned Parenthood clinics. Provides contraception for ten years.

Abortion Overview

ABORTION OVERVIEW

First trimester abortion, ending a pregnancy during the first twelve weeks after conception, is a legal right.

Factual Information

After the advent of birth control pills, improved education, and more options for contraception, pregnancy rates fell, as did the number of abortions. There are still times when women decide to end a pregnancy and they have that right, but some people disagree even when she is the victim of violent rape or incest.

Prior to abortion legalization under Roe v. Wade in 1973, women were forced to go to untrained abortionists, or aborted themselves using all sorts of objects including knitting needles and rug hooks. Often, they died of infection and hemorrhage.

Safe abortion is legal, now, and doesn’t usually require a surgical procedure. In 2000, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved RU-486, the first oral medication to induce abortion. A newer, lower dose drug, Mifeprex (mifepristone), is now available. The FDA recently lengthened the duration of time it can be used to 70 days (10 weeks) of gestation. This is measured from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual period.

Mifepristone blocks progesterone cell receptors, a hormone important in maintaining pregnancy. The drug is used in combination with misoprostol to complete the abortion.

Misoprostol is given after mifepristone to induce uterine contractions, soften and dilate the cervix. There will be significant cramping and bleeding when the abortion occurs and a follow-up visit with a practitioner is necessary.

Procedure:

* Patient receives counseling, signs an agreement form, and is given a copy of the FDA Mifeprex Medication Guide.

* A certified healthcare provider dispenses the medications.

* Mifepristone, 200 mg, is taken by mouth.

* 24-48 hours later, misoprostol, 800 mcg, is taken as directed.

This method is 98% effective. If the abortion is incomplete, a surgical procedure may be necessary. See www.fda.gov/drugs/ for more information.

Permanent Methods of Birth Control Overview

Surgical sterilization procedures are very effective and convenient for permanent long term contraception. Both tubal ligation in women and vasectomy in men have been reversed, but this is uncommon and may not be successful.

If you are considering a sterilization procedure, consultation, discussion of other options, and firm conviction it is the right procedure for you, are all important. Sometimes surgical sterilization is an easy decision, for example, when an individual carries a serious or harmful genetic trait he or she does not wish to pass on to children. Other times, possibly for a woman’s health, when medical problems make pregnancy problematic or life-threatening.

If you have thoroughly considered your options, and proceed to permanent sterilization, you should have no remorse. However, even though surgical sterilization is effective, it is important to always use a condom if you are not in a long term monogamous (one person) relationship with someone who you trust to be free of STDs.

Female Sterilization

Tubal ligation (“tying” the fallopian tubes) – This is typically a same-day surgical procedure and is effective immediately. Tubes are usually cut and tied, preventing sperm access to an egg.

Trans-cervical Sterilization – This is a non-surgical method to produce permanent sterilization by blocking the tubes. A device is threaded through the cervix and into each fallopian tube where it lodges and stimulates scar formation that prevents sperm from reaching an egg. It takes about three months for tissue to grow and close the tube. Then, an additional test must be done to determine if the tubes are fully blocked.

Male Sterilization

Vasectomy is an outpatient surgical procedure that cuts the tube that carries semen and sperm (the vas deferens), connecting the testes to the penis.

Ejaculation remains normal, but it takes about 12 weeks for semen to be free of sperm. Another form of contraception must be used until the follow-up sperm count is zero. A condom is still recommended to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.

*****

There will be two more blogs with book excerpts. The next one on Sexually Transmitted Infections, STIs. This section is particularly important. Some of these diseases can cause sterilization due to Fallopian tube scaring or death as with hepatitis and HIV. Most are treatable and curable, but there are some drug resistant forms. It is essential to be quickly treated and a followup culture done to assure the cure.

Betty and Bev, The Lipstick Logic Sisters

Birth Control

FEMALE CONTRACEPTIVES

July 12, 2022 lipsticklogic Leave a comment

CONTRACEPTIVE OVERVIEW

Excerpt from Modern Birth Control

Contraceptive Use in the United States

Modern contraceptives are very effective in preventing pregnancy when used correctly, but the only way to assure you will not become pregnant is to avoid intercourse. Permanent surgical sterilization is also effective. Some methods of contraception are better than others, but all have failings. Using two methods simultaneously increases the likelihood of successful pregnancy prevention.

Condoms are recommended as an adjunct to most contraceptives, not only to reduce pregnancy risk, but to reduce the risk of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs).

Female Contraceptives

Women of all religious denominations commonly use contraceptives (89% of Catholics and 90% of Protestants). Information source: Guttmacher Institute, October 2015. www.guttmacher.org

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Overview (LARC)

The following three options provide continuous contraception over variable periods of time, from three months to ten years. For convenience of not taking daily pills or using other contraceptive choices, these have been found very effective for reversible hormonal contraception.

In addition, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends LARC contraceptives for use by adolescents as a first-line choice for those who choose not to be abstinent. Use with condoms is recommended to reduce risk of STDs.

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

IUDs are small T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus by healthcare providers. They are very effective and provide continuous contraception. An IUD must be removed by a provider when contraception is no longer desired.

To insert an IUD, a pelvic examination is performed and a small plastic tube containing the IUD is inserted into the opening of the cervix and into the uterus. The IUD is placed within the uterus and the insertion tube removed.

Hormonal IUDs are commonly used and depending on which is chosen, are effective for 3-5 years.

ParaGard is a copper-releasing IUD that contains no hormones and is effective for up to ten years. Copper ions interfere with sperm movement, egg fertilization, and may prevent implantation.

Most women tolerate IUDs with few symptoms other than heavier menstrual flow for a couple months. Read all the guidelines and discuss concerns with your provider.

IUDs can be placed immediately after childbirth, a miscarriage or an abortion. They are considered more effective than the birth control pill (BCP).

Some insurances cover IUD placements. Prices vary widely, so check around. Exam and insertion may be free at some clinics including Planned Parenthood.

Hormone Implant (numerous options)

A slender hormone-embedded flexible rod, about the size of a wooden matchstick, is inserted beneath the skin in the upper arm. The process takes a few minutes. A special insertion device is used to place the implant after the tissue has been anesthetized. The implant works continuously for 3+ years by slowly releasing progestin and blocking ovulation. To remove the implant, your provider again numbs the area, makes a small incision and pulls it out. 99% effective. Prices vary: Implant placement ~ $300-$700; Removal ~$100-$200.

Depo-Provera Injection

This is a continuous hormone releasing contraceptive injection that must be given by your healthcare provider every 12 weeks for uninterrupted coverage. Cost is about $50.

Female Barrier Methods Overview

Barrier methods provide some protection against venereal disease. Female and male condoms can be purchased widely and are recommended by practitioners and organizations around the world as a defense against STDs and HIV. Most instructions recommend leaving vaginal devices (diaphragms and cervical caps) in place for six hours following intercourse. If left in place for long periods, the risk for toxic shock syndrome rises. Insurances typically cover exams and fitting for cervical barrier contraceptives. Condom use by a partner further reduces STD and pregnancy risk.

Diaphragm

A diaphragm has been in use for decades and is relatively reliable when used correctly and with a spermicide. This barrier method of birth control is a round soft dome made of latex or silicone with a firm flexible ring that holds it in place after vaginal insertion. The dome blocks sperm from entering the uterus and cannot be felt by your partner. It can be placed in position hours before intercourse and must be left in place for a least six hours following intercourse. The diaphragm comes is different sizes and must be fitted by a health practitioner. It can be used repeatedly with proper washing and storage. Cost of an exam is in addition to purchase price of a diaphragm, ~$15-$75 with a prescription. Spermicide (~$15) must be used with a diaphragm to be effective. Failure rate when used correctly: 6% (6 of 100 women will become pregnant/year).

Lea’s Shield

This is a washable, reusable cervical barrier contraceptive device made of non-allergenic silicone rubber. It must be used with a spermicide and is available by prescription only, one-size-fits-all. Follow instructions for use carefully. Leave in place for six hours following intercourse. Failure rate of 14%. Cost ~ $70.

Cervical Cap

The reusable 1.5-inch cervical cap is a soft silicone cup inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix as a barrier to sperm. A practitioner must examine you and fit the cap. A spermicide must be used and the cap left in place for at least six hours following intercourse. Cost for exam variable. Average failure rate is 14%, less effective in women who have given birth. Cost ~ $90.

Female Condom

This loose sheath has a flexible ring at each end and is worn within the vagina, providing a physical barrier to semen. The inner ring at the closed end of the sheath is inserted into the vagina and placed over the cervix. The outer ring at the open end remains outside the vagina and partially covers the external genital area. Spermicide is used with this device. Follow instructions on the packaging. Failure rate 5%. Cost ~$3.

Vaginal Sponge Contraceptive

Today Sponge is a physical barrier product marketed in the U.S. to trap sperm and prevent passage through the cervix into the uterus and tubes. The manufacturer reports an 89-91% effective rate in preventing pregnancy when used correctly. Spermicide is in the sponge. About two tablespoons of water must be used to wet the sponge and activate the spermicide before use. The sponge can be inserted up to 24 hours before intercourse. It must be left in place at least six hours following intercourse. It cannot be reused once removed and should never be worn more than 30 hours due to risk of toxic shock syndrome. Cost ~$3.

Birth Control Pills, Patches and Ring Overview

Hormone-based contraceptives are highly effective when used correctly. Estrogen and progestin hormone combinations are formulated to stop ovulation. In addition, mucus in the cervix becomes thicker and less likely to allow sperm to pass into the uterus. Because the lining of the uterus is also altered by the hormones. Fertilized eggs are unlikely to implant and grow.

Birth control pills have been used for more than fifty years by millions of women worldwide. For most women they are a safe option but require a physician visit and a prescription. That is going to change later this year in Oregon. A new law passed recently, making it legal for hormonal contraceptive pills to be purchased over the counter without a prescription. Three years ago, California passed a similar law.

In Oregon, the woman must be over 18 years old and complete a health-risk questionnaire. Pharmacists will review the questionnaire and provide the education required for use. Women under eighteen need to provide proof of a previous prescription from a physician before purchase.

Any time you alter normal body processes, you need to know the health consequences. Discuss side effects, risks and benefits of taking hormones before making your decision.

Common side effects of hormone-based contraceptives: lighter periods, spotting between menses, nausea, weight gain, blood pressure elevation, sore breasts and mood changes.

Serious risks: Birth control pills (BCPs) and other hormone-based products are not recommended for women over the age of 35 who smoke cigarettes due to increased risks of heart disease. Strokes and blood clots in legs/lungs increase in some women who take hormones.

Birth Control Pills

There are more than one-hundred different pill formulations that accomplish varied needs. Sometimes contraceptive pills or patches are used to treat irregular or painful menses and other problems. Most are taken for contraception on a three-week cycle with the fourth week of pills containing no hormones. During the off-week, hormonal withdrawal menstrual bleeding occurs. At the end of the week, the pill cycle begins anew. Extended-cycle products are available that reduce the number of menstrual periods/year. Cost 0-$50/month, depending on insurance coverage.

If you forget to take one pill or more, directions to compensate and maintain reliable contraception vary with the type of pill you are taking. Follow specific instructions for the product or consult your pharmacist or caregiver.

Hormone Patch

The patch can be worn on the skin of the chest, upper back or arm, abdomen or buttocks. Avoid placing a patch on your breasts. Wear a patch one week at a time, three weeks in a row. Wear no patch for the 4^th week. During the 4^th week, your menses will occur. After one week, start the cycle again. Beware, this product is less effective if you weigh 198 pounds or more. Cost 0-$80/month depending on insurance coverage.

NuvaRing

“The Ring” is a contraceptive device containing estrogen and progestin like BCPs, that requires a prescription. NuvaRing is safe and convenient. It is placed in the vagina and left for three weeks, then removed. The hormones are gradually absorbed from the ring, preventing ovulation and making cervical mucus thicker to block sperm. During the week without the ring, withdrawal menstrual bleeding occurs. At the end of that week, insert another ring and follow the same cycle. Some medications and health supplements may interfere and reduce effect. Check with the pharmacist if you are taking other medications. Cost is 0-$80/ month. When used correctly, failure rate is 1%.

*****

Thank you for stopping by. Tomorrow’s excerpt is Male Contraception Overview. I hope you’ll check in for the currently available types.

Betty and Bev, The Lipstick Logic Sisters

Birth Control

BIRTH CONTROL – HERE TODAY, GONE TOMORROW? PROTECT YOUR RIGHTS

July 11, 2022 lipsticklogic Leave a comment

MODERN BIRTH CONTROL

CONTRACEPTION, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, SEXUAL ASSAULT

ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

FOR MEN &WOMEN

LIPSTICK LOGIC BLOG:

Today’s blog is the next excerpt from the Modern Birth Control Booklet. Others will follow each day until completed. Illustrations are images acquired for blog support only and are not part of the published booklet. I am including the Table of Contents today for your convenience.

Female Biology

Ovarian Anatomy and Physiology

Human females are born with two ovaries already containing a total of approximately 300,000 eggs, each carrying an X chromosome. Each egg can produce another human when fertilized. Ovaries are located within the lower abdomen, one on each side. Their functions are to produce mature eggs and hormones. The primary female hormone is estrogen.

Between ages 8-10 ovary hormone production increases and sexual maturation begins. Secondary sex characteristics are evident with early breast growth, then as puberty progresses, growth in stature, pubic hair and pelvic organ enlargement with onset of menstruation at a mean age of 13. Cyclic hormone production results in egg maturation and release. Menses may be irregular at first and then occur monthly, heralding fertility.

When an egg is released from the ovary, it is swept into a fallopian tube by its feathery ends and remains in the tube for about one day. If the egg is not fertilized by a sperm, the egg moves into the uterus and disintegrates.

Menstruation normally occurs on a 28-day cycle until ovarian hormonal production begins to fail with the onset of a pre-menopausal state. When ovarian function fails, eggs are no longer released. The woman becomes infertile and unable to bear children. Time of menopause is variable, with median onset at age 52.

Male Biology

Testicular Anatomy and Physiology

Human males are born with testes, the equivalent of ovaries in the male. There are two testicles (or testes) located in the scrotum. Their function is to produce sperm and the primary male hormone testosterone. Sperm contain either an X or Y chromosome and determine the sex of the fetus.

Puberty in boys occurs between the ages of 11-12 when testosterone stimulates secondary sexual characteristics. These include increased muscle and bone mass, voice change, growth of body and facial hair, testicle and penis enlargement, and prostate maturity.

When a male matures, semen is produced. This fluid contains sperm and numerous substances from seminal vesicles, the prostate and lubricating glands. When a male expels sperm and semen with sexual excitement, he ejaculates approximately one teaspoon of fluid called semen. The fluid contains between 200-500 million sperm each time. Each sperm is potentially able to penetrate and fertilize an egg, resulting in pregnancy.

Sperm are microscopic. One end is rounded and narrows into a slender tail. The tail moves rhythmically, moving a sperm forward in semen and vaginal fluid.

Semen can carry sexually transmitted infections/diseases (Known as STDs or STIs) including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis, herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and other less common diseases such as Ebola and Zika. These viral and bacterial infections can be transmitted to sexual partners.

Using condoms markedly reduces the potential for transmitting or acquiring these disorders. Some STDs are curable, some are not and can be fatal. Others leave scarring that may result in sterility.

Abstinence, Intercourse, Outercourse

When to have sex is a personal choice and many young people, older people, too, choose abstinence. Abstinence to most people means no vaginal intercourse and no possibility of becoming pregnant or infected with a sexually transmitted disease. However, definitions vary. To some, abstinence excludes vaginal penetration by the penis, but includes oral and anal sex, both carrying STD risk, but no risk of pregnancy unless semen spills on to the woman’s genitals. Under some of these circumstances, trust and self-control between partners must be unwavering to avoid intercourse.

What is outercourse? It is a term for engaging in sexual activity without the possibility of pregnancy. It may involve kissing, fondling, masturbation and sex toys.

Deciding to have a sexual relationship with someone is a decision with many consequences. Any long-term friendship or loving relationship requires communication and trust. Entering a sexual relationship that includes vaginal intercourse can be life-changing because of the consequences. A monogamous (one person) relationship provides safety from STDs if both partners are medically evaluated in advance and deemed free of disease. Anytime you have unprotected sex with someone untested, you are risking your life and future. You are not only risking pregnancy, but you are also risking sexually transmitted diseases that may cause sterility and be incurable.

The decision is yours to make.

Fertilization and Implantation

When a sperm enters an egg, fertilization has occurred. The egg changes abruptly and no additional sperm can enter. The joining of a sperm and an egg produces either a male (XY) or a female (XX).

The fertilized egg remains in the fallopian tube for about 4 days, but after fertilization, cells divide and the ball of cells moves along the tube into the uterus where it attaches to the lining of the uterus. This is implantation.

A hormone produced in pregnancy is the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This is the hormone detected by a pregnancy test. The test remains negative until enough hCG is produced to be detected, about 3 weeks.

Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation

Menarche is when the first menstrual period occurs. This can begin as young as 8-years-old, but is usually by age 15. Each cycle is governed by hormones. Menstrual periods are variable and average 28 days. Because of variation, a woman may not know when she ovulates and can become pregnant.

The most likely time for pregnancy to occur is with intercourse a few days before and 1-2 days following ovulation. In a 28-day cycle: Day 1- Menstrual period begins with vaginal bleeding lasting 3-7 days. Day 14 – Ovulation occurs; an egg is released. The egg survives about 24 hours unless it is fertilized.

******

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Thanks for stopping by.

Betty and Bev, The Lipstick Logic Sisters

Birth Control, Margaret Sanger, Pregnancy, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, STDs, Women's Advocacy, Women's Rights, Women's Suffrage

A Short History of Birth Control in the United States

June 30, 2022 lipsticklogic Leave a comment

**Human Rights March for Equality – Source Library of Congress**

Overview

Our mother was born in 1916, the same year the first birth control clinic opened in New York. She was a human rights activist and voting advocate until she died at the age of 89.

We received advocacy genes from both of our caring intelligent parents who were self-educated strong individuals raised in poor loving families. They encouraged hard work, independence, and broad horizons. Being females was not a detriment in their eyes but through the years, we have found it a struggle in a man’s world and have personally faced discrimination.

A review of contraception history and factors related to women’s rights is important because so many young men and women today matured during a period when many rights were established. That time has changed. Women gained the right to vote one hundred years ago, a right more important today than ever.

Women, and men who care about them–not to control their bodies and lives but support their independence, have entered a new era of activism.

The Supreme Court actions that overturned Roe v. Wade forces all women into a negative economic and personal rights environment. Contraceptive rights have reverted to the 1800s with religious patriarchs even mandating a child-victim of incest, or victims of rape, carry a resulting conception to term.

THEN

In 1848, a conference attracted three-hundred women and men who met to gain women the right to vote. It took seventy-two bitter years of activism, hunger strikes, arrests and fighting obstruction for women to prevail. Congress finally passed the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution giving women the right to vote in 1920.

While early activists fought for a woman’s right to vote, another group of feminists spent their lives helping women obtain sex education and access to birth control. One of those women, Margaret Sanger, grew up in a household of poverty with ten siblings. Her mother had eighteen pregnancies.

In 1902, Margaret began working as a nurse, and later a midwife. She cared for chronically pregnant poor women living in the tenements of New York who begged her for information to help stop unwanted pregnancies.

Sanger’s book, Motherhood in Bondage, contains hundreds of letters from hopeless women across the country imploring her to help them limit the number of children they bore. Most of them wrote of being married as teenagers and bearing a child each year. One 43-year-old woman with nineteen children had begged her doctor for contraceptive information, only to be told to be careful. Stories included child-mothers escaping poverty to marry, and having a child before their thirteenth birthday. One, married at age fourteen, had fourteen living children, many miscarriages, and failing health due to multiple pregnancies and poverty.

The women’s plight incited Margaret’s actions, but by talking about birth control she risked imprisonment under the Comstock Act of 1873. That draconian law made it illegal to discuss, produce, print or use the U.S. Postal Service to mail any literature or product pertaining to the body related to birth control and venereal disease, rampant before the age of antibiotics. Anatomy textbooks being sent to medical students were prohibited and confiscated. Doctors failed to educate women about ovulation and contraception because they could be jailed for discussing the topics.

Anthony Comstock, the influential politician and religious zealot who became a U. S. Postal Inspector, considered Sanger’s pamphlets on sex education and clinics providing contraception advice to be obscene and pornographic. His imposed religious views set medical education and U.S. public health back decades.

After her arrest for publishing and distributing contraceptive information, Margaret fled to Europe under an assumed name to avoid prosecution that could have carried up to a 45-year sentence. She studied methods of contraception in the Netherlands and returned to open the first U.S. birth control clinic in New York City in 1916. She and her sister Ethel Byre, also a nurse, provided contraceptive information and treated 486 patients in ten days, before the NYPD Comstock Vice Squad swept in to arrest the nurses and patients.

Ethel nearly died in jail during a hunger strike to raise awareness for their cause. Margaret was sentenced to the penitentiary for thirty days and upon release, reopened her clinic in protest. She founded the American Birth Control League in 1922 that eventually became Planned Parenthood of America.

Margaret Sanger’s desire to help women fueled her lifelong activism to teach contraceptive methods and advance sex education. The Catholic Church considered Margaret an enemy and opposed her work, but she had seen what continual pregnancies had done to her devout mother and others in poverty producing huge families.

Support and fortunes of philanthropic people like International Harvester heir Katherine McCormick, John D. Rockefeller, and Margaret’s second husband, oil magnate James Noah Slee, fueled her campaigns for birth control and research for an oral contraceptive. Sanger and McCormick both lived to see the success of their efforts when the FDA approved the first oral contraceptive, Enovid, in 1960.

In 1972, the Supreme Court finally struck down the last of the oppressive Comstock law that restricted doctors from prescribing oral contraceptives to unmarried women ending nearly one hundred years of Comstock tyranny.

NOW

More than sixty years after the epic moment in 1960 making birth control pills available, women are fighting the same old battle, the right to self-determination and contraception.

Some legislators at the national level have vowed to defund Planned Parenthood clinics across the United States. Those who fight to defund the clinics and legislate reduced contraceptive availability and education are antiabortionists. They vehemently attack clinics that provide abortions, leading to violence, bombings, and terrorist murders of healthcare personnel.

Planned Parenthood provides healthcare to both men and women, education, contraceptives, treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and they offer fertility consultation.

Comprehensive sex education and free contraceptives reduce unplanned pregnancies and abortions. Why would those against abortion defund Planned Parenthood clinics limiting access to education and birth control, thus increasing the need for abortions?

Abortions have been a legal right under U.S. law since the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision in 1973. That decision deemed abortion a fundamental right under the U.S. Constitution. Roe, (a pseudonym to protect her privacy) was a single pregnant woman who brought a class action suit against the constitutionality of Texas laws that made abortion a crime except to save the life of the mother. District Attorney Wade provided the state’s defense. The historic decision overturned the Texas law and held that a woman and her doctor could choose abortion in earlier months of pregnancy without legal restriction, and with restrictions in later months based on right to privacy.

Any adult has the right to make personal decisions based on their religious views. However, our founding principle of separation of church and state in the U.S. means no one as the right to impose their religious views on others.

Broad availability of birth control education and contraception has been shown to reduce unplanned pregnancies and reduce the need for abortions. In spite of this fact and the desire of most citizens in the United States, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in this month. Their 2022 sweeping judgement not only removed a woman’s right to make personal healthcare choices, it broadly affects autonomy in every sphere of existence. The partisan justices also tainted the Court and destroyed the established framework of the United States of separation of church and State.

The next blog will provide an overview of Reproductive Biology for men and women, then related topics from the booklet will follow. If you are interested in following the Lipstick Logic blog, please subscribe by providing your email.

Thanks for stopping by.

Betty and Bev, The Lipstick Logic Sisters

Birth Control, Pregnancy, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, STDs, Women's Advocacy

A WOMAN’S RIGHT TO CHOOSE

June 28, 2022 lipsticklogic Leave a comment

LIPSTICK LOGIC BLOG

Statement of Purpose

Lipstick Logic ™ LLC was founded in 2008 to provide education and health conferences for women. This blog was developed as a way to reach a larger female audience with a wide range of science-based health topics. With woman’s rights having been set back 50 years due to Roe v. Wade being overturned, our focus on women’s issues and health seems even more important.

A new day has dawned for women in America. Freedom of choice can no longer be taken for granted. The Supreme Court ruled against a woman’s right to have an abortion. Although some states will continue to provide education and abortion services, many states are pursuing legal changes to terminate women’s rights, criminalize their actions, imprison practitioners, and even track a woman who might leave her state to obtain needed healthcare elsewhere.

Several years ago, Dr. Betty, a specialist in internal medicine, wrote a primer on contraceptive issues and related biology. Over the next several weeks, this Lipstick Logic blog will provide updated information from that primer.

CONTRACEPTION is a broad topic. Even if you have had a child and have grown up in an age where options for women’s reproductive rights were rights, you may learn new information to share with other women, your daughters, granddaughters, and the men in your life.

ORAL MEDICATION FOR ABORTION will be our first topic. It is a safe option if chosen early in pregnancy. But, if you live in a state that has banned abortions, this medication will not be available to you. Always consult with your private physician regarding your situation and any medical concerns you have.

If you are interested in reading researched, science-based information regarding women’s health and human rights, please join us by subscribing to this blog.

Everyone woman of voting age must vote to protect her rights and freedom.

Betty and Bev, The Lipstick Logic Sisters

Author Note – Betty Kuffel, MD FACP

This science-based publication is a quick reference to understanding the natural processes of reproduction and contraceptive choices available today. Information related to sexual assault and sexually transmitted disease is also included.

My desire is to provide information for informed choices and make this publication widely available to all ages. Reproductive and contraceptive education is known to reduce unplanned pregnancies and the risk of sexually transmitted disease. The need for abortions can also be minimized.

The information is current at the time of publication. Individualized guidance must be obtained from your health practitioner or pharmacist.

Make informed choices. The effects of what you do today will be with you the rest of your life.

If men got pregnant, there would be safe, reliable methods of birth control.

They’d be inexpensive, too.

Anna Quindlen, Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist

and bestselling novelist

ORAL MEDICATION

ABORTION OVERVIEW

The 1973 Supreme Court decision on Roe v. Wade legalized ending a pregnancy during the first twelve weeks following conception. Prior to the legalization, women were forced to go to untrained abortionists, or aborted themselves using all sorts of objects including knitting needles and rug hooks. Often, they died of hemorrhage and sepsis from infection.

In 2000, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first oral medication to induce abortion, (RU-486). A newer, lower dose drug, Mifeprex (mifepristone), is also available. The FDA lengthened the duration of time it can be used to 70 days (10 weeks) of gestation. The time is calculated from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual period.

Mifepristone blocks progesterone cell receptors, a hormone important in maintaining pregnancy. It is used in combination with misoprostol to complete the abortion.
Misoprostol softens and dilates the cervix and induces uterine contractions to expel the products of conception. There will be significant cramping and some bleeding when the abortion occurs. A follow-up visit with a practitioner is recommended.

Following the advent of birth control pills, improved education and more options for contraception, pregnancy rates fell, as did the number of abortions. There are still times when women decide to end a pregnancy, however, the current Supreme Court ruling makes it illegal to end any pregnancy even those resulting from violent rape or incest.

Procedure:

* Patient receives counseling, signs an agreement form, and is given a copy of the FDA Mifeprex (GENERIC- mefepristone) Medication Guide.

Note: Cost is markedly reduced from the approximate cost of $100/pill, to $14.00 using WebMDRx.

* A certified healthcare provider dispenses the medications.

* Mifepristone, 200 mg, is taken by mouth.

* 24-48 hours later, misoprostol, 800 mcg, is taken as directed.

This method is 98% effective. If the abortion is incomplete and some tissue is retained, such as remnants of the placenta, a procedure may be necessary to remove the tissue to stop bleeding and infection. See www.fda.gov/drugs/ for detailed information.

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION

THE MORNING AFTER PILL

Emergency Contraception (EC) can be used to reduce pregnancy risk following unprotected intercourse. When taken early and correctly, the medication is usually effective following a rape or unexpected situations such as a broken condom. EC must be used soon after intercourse and will not be effective if pregnancy has already occurred.

Rape

If you are raped, Emergency Contraception is recommended to prevent pregnancy. This medication is usually provided in the Emergency Room if the victim seeks medical assistance and a rape exam to collect forensic specimens. Medication to prevent sexually transmitted diseases is also given to victims.

Note: An emergency contraceptive prevents pregnancy. It does not cause an abortion. This treatment will be unavailable in many states under the new Supreme Court ruling that overturned the Roe v. Wade right to privacy and abortion.

Progestin

The “Morning After Pill” has many forms: Plan B, One-Step, My Way, and others. They are available over the counter, without a prescription. There were no point-of-sale restrictions prior to overturning Roe v. Wade. Many states still allow use of this medication.

Progestin is a hormone that stops or delays ovulation and is best taken within three days of unprotected intercourse. It will not end a pregnancy. Talk with a pharmacist for information and side effects. Cost: ~$40.

Ulipristal (Ella)

This prescription medication delays or prevents ovulation. It can be taken up to 5 days after unprotected intercourse. (It is thought to be more effective than either progestin-only or a combination hormone pill containing both estrogen and progestin.) Cost: ~$40-$60.

Combination pills

These pills contain both estrogen + progestin., taken in two doses and result in delayed ovulation. For dosage, consult with a physician or pharmacist. More information may be found at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/morning-after-pill/about/pac-20394730 Cost ~$30

Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD)

If you are overweight or obese, effectiveness of EC pills is reduced. Insertion of a Copper IUD is effective and provides contraception for ten years. IUDs must be inserted by a health practitioner. More information will be provided later on IUDs. Cost is variable. Placement may be free at Planned Parenthood clinics.

Better Health Through Science, Birth Control, Women's Advocacy, Women's Rights, Women's Suffrage

Patriarch Patrol

May 22, 2022 lipsticklogic 1 Comment

Religious ultra-conservatives and entitled men of the United States are removing rights from half of the U.S. population yet remain untouched in this era of severe suppression and control of women. The Comstock Act of 1873 named for Anthony Comstock the influential politician and religious zealot, imprisoned nurses and doctors for helping women by educating them about their bodies and contraception. One-hundred-fifty years later, austere laws against women’s rights are ready for enactment across the country.

Handmaiden.2

We are returning to Motherhood in Bondage. The book published in 1929 contains hundreds of letters from hopeless women across the United States crying for help to limit the number of children they bore. One 43-year-old woman with nineteen children had begged her doctor for contraceptive information only to be told to be careful.

It’s happening again. Women are being stripped of their rights. Doctors and nurses are at risk for imprisonment for providing healthcare for women. Even contraceptive insurance coverage for women is being blocked by some employers. We must legalize OTC contraceptives and morning-after pills in all states.

Handmaiden

If Roe v. Wade is overturned, it will change the face of America. By removing female autonomy, we join countries around the world where women have no rights. It took women 100 years to obtain the right to vote, now it’s time use that right. To make change and gain control, women and men who love them must come out in droves to vote for protection of women’s rights and defend our democracy by voting out the all the conservative patriarchs.

Please vote for women’s rights.

Bev and Betty

Two Logical Sisters

Better Health Through Science, Brain Health, COVID-19, Immunizations, Mediterranean Diet, Social Distancing, Viral Illness

Surviving the COVID Winter

February 5, 2022 lipsticklogic Leave a comment

Are you running out of ideas on how to live happily in your chosen den until the COVID deluge subsides? I look at the situation like a job without stressful deadlines. Being retired from medicine has its value. I no longer work but continue to read medical information every morning in many specialty areas and the latest science of COVID-19.

Here is what I have done to stay focused, healthy and survive the latest variant virus:

Vaccine: get the immunizations and boosters recommended by experts at the CDC and avoid false information from unreliable sources. Socially distance and wear N-95 masks.
Keep a schedule. Focus on goals for future months in warmer weather and when the virus wanes.
Get up early. Watch sunrise. It’s a great way to start the day with a cup of coffee. Clouds are beautiful and constantly changing like a flickering campfire.
Stay up very late (or take a nap and set the alarm) to watch meteor showers or Northern Lights. https://earthsky.org
Take early morning drives with the dogs, coffee, classical music and find photo ops.
Bake bread. I have tried many cinnamon roll recipes and finally adapted one to suit my likes. It’s easy to eat a whole pan in a couple days, so I don’t do that very often.
Exercise at least a half hour every day so you can eat those cinnamon rolls and not gain weight.
Take up Yoga. It’s good for your mind and body (Buy a yoga DVD or find a class on YouTube until you feel comfortable in a class after Omicron subsides.)
Reading some new books or rereading some classics. Here is a good book for healthy living, Keep Sharp – Build a Better Brain at Any Age, by Sanjay Gupta, MD.
Do something you have been putting off like improving your health and diet. Check out the Mediterranean diet (my choice for years). Add the 5/2 method for weight control. My book Your Heart gives an overview but there are many online sources.
Write. Keep a diary. Start a memoir. Do you have a book in your head telling you the story needs to be written? Now is the time. Try NaNoWriMo – https://nanowrimo.org Finish the first draft of a book in a month; I did on my own that last February. After many rewrites and critique partner improvements, I finished the novel last month. It’s my 8th book in ten years.
Join a writing group. I have been a member for decades and recently past president of https://authorsoftheflathead.org A of F meets weekly at FVCC and with many classes on Zoom.
Grow some plants. I make ICU rounds in my sun room checking on plants that need medical interventions. I am currently enjoying a blooming Hoya, an orchid, a little lime tree and a gigantic avocado I grew from a seed.
Do some home improvements and de-clutter. Get out a paint brush. Change a room. Clean a closet. Take a few loads of clothing and unused clutter to charity. Recycle electronics (Best Buy and Staples take many items at no charge.)
Take an online art class. I’m taking classes with https://boldschool.com. There are many YouTube online art classes.
I’ll end with another cure for COVID social isolation, Vaxine. She is our German Shepherd mix, adopted from the shelter a month ago. The joyful 2-year-old learns quickly. She is funny, smart, loving and pesters our 12-year-old Lab, Gracie.

Add Color to Life, Brain Health, Depression, Exercise, Finding Your Passion, Healing Through Art, Socialize, Zooming

Healing through Art

February 23, 2021 lipsticklogic Leave a comment

The past year of spreading COVID-19 left many people in the United States and around the world with emotional and economic challenges. If you need something to lift your spirit and interrupt negative thoughts, an art project might be the answer. Decades of research reveal creative activities decrease blood pressure, improve memory, and lower stress.

You don’t have to be a painter or sculptor. The healing power of art comes in many forms; numerous activities produce health benefits. If you are interested in painting, but not sure what to paint, visit your local art center for ideas or check out YouTube art tutorials. Take a class in the comfort of your home. If you are not the painting type, consider other art forms. How about singing or learning to play an instrument? Do you have a guitar or some other instrument lying dormant? Dust it off and reteach yourself to make a little music.

Writing prose and poetry, gardening or nurturing house plants – all can improve emotional health and well-being.

Exercise is an important component in stress reduction and health, take a walk and bring a camera. If you are up with the birds, share the experience by taking photographs of the ever-changing sunrise each morning. If you like to sleep in, take sunset photos on your evening walk.

In The Healing Power of Art, an article written by art therapist Megan Carleton at Massachusetts General Hospital, she stated, “Once people engage, they often realize they are having fun and the time passes faster.” If your days seem long, an art project can provide a positive distraction and a connection with family members or friends.

You don’t have to be in the same room to create and share art. Five women, three Lipstick Logic sisters and two of our friends living thousands of miles apart, in Minnesota, Montana, and Hawaii, are creating art together. The pandemic has kept us apart physically but close in spirit via the internet.

While talking to each other we realized we were in a slump and needed a good challenge to jump start our energy to get us over the pandemic finish line. Knowing we each loved art, we came up with the 2021 plan called “An Artsy Challenge.” We will share a piece of art at the end of each month.

Why not join us?

Call a few friends or create art projects with your kids. Come up with your own Artsy Challenge for the year ahead. Knitting, baking, mosaics, paint by number, creating with clay – the list goes on. Any new endeavor has the power to shift a person’s mind and energy in a positive direction. Having others join your group will help you stay committed and connected. Creating something new is inspiring and transformative. Heal yourself through artistic expression.

We would love to learn about or see your finished projects. And we all hope your happiness factor improves by simply adding art and camaraderie to your life.

Betty, Bev, Brenda, Christina and Chieko /Lipstick Logic Artsy Challenge Members

LIPSTICK LOGIC

Sexual Assault

SEXUAL ASSAULT OVERVIEW

Sexually Transmitted Disease – STD Sexually Transmitted Infection – STI

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Contraceptive Use in the United States

BIRTH CONTROL – HERE TODAY, GONE TOMORROW? PROTECT YOUR RIGHTS

MODERN BIRTH CONTROL

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LIPSTICK LOGIC BLOG:

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Female Biology

Male Biology

A Short History of Birth Control in the United States

A WOMAN’S RIGHT TO CHOOSE

Patriarch Patrol

Healing through Art

By changing lip colors, a woman can change her appearance. By making new choices, she can change her life.

SEXUAL ASSAULT OVERVIEW

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MALE CONTRACEPTIVE OVERVIEW

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION OVERVIEW

ABORTION OVERVIEW

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CONTRACEPTIVE OVERVIEW

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MODERN BIRTH CONTROL

ESSENTIAL INFORMATION

FOR MEN &WOMEN

LIPSTICK LOGIC BLOG:

Table of Contents:

Male Biology

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By changing lip colors, a woman can change her appearance. By making new choices, she can change her life.